Lesson learnt on separation techniques

Separation Techniques
-magnetic attraction
-filtration
-evaporation to dryness
-crystillation
-distillation
-chromatography
-sublimation

The physical methods used will actually depend on the nature of the constituents.

Separating Funnel
-for 2 immiscible liquids
-ex:oil and water

Filtration
-for insoluable solids with liquids( suspension )
-the insoluable solids that remain on the filter paper are called residue,whereas the liquids that pass through the filter paper are called filtrate
-Ex: air filters in air conditioners to remove solid impurities from the air
hair in our nostrils to trap dust in the air

Evaporation to dryness
-Ex: obtaining salt from seawater

Distillation
-to separate a solvent from a solid-liquid solution or liquid-liquid solution.
-pure water can be distilled from soft drinks

Fractional distillation
-used to separate miscible liquids with different boiling points.
-the liquid with lower boiling points will vapourise first
Ex: alcohol and water

Chromatography
-to separate the different components in a liquid orgaseous mixture
-Ex:used to separate the different coloured components that make up black ink
-happens because some components of the liquid mixture travels at a faster pace than other components on the paper or any absorbent material
-the mixture is separated as the solvent travels up the paper
-a chromatogram of the separated components is obtained
-advantage: able to obtain the results quickly
only a small concentrated amount of sample is required for chromatography

Reflections
After learning all the separating techniques and gone through all the experiments, I had discovered more separating techniques as compared to primary school. I had also knew the steps to carry out the methods.
These separating techniques is very useful , especially in surviving skills. For example, we can obtained pure water to drink from muddy water through filtration.